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Unit 1: The Chemistry of Life Exploring Life Review
  1. Biology is the scientific study of .
     
     
  2. All (most?) living organisms show a high level of , capture from the environment, and to that environment (including of internal environments), grow and , reproduce using the hereditary material (Deoxyribonucleic Acid), and through the process called .
     
     
  3. The hierarchy of life unfolds as follows: , , , , , , , , , , , and .
     
     
  4. The cell is the basic unit of structure and function for life, and contain the hereditary material . cells contain membrane–enclosed , including a DNA –containing . cells lack such .
     
     
  5. is the branch of biology that names and classifies species according to a system of broader and broader groups, or . Domain (or Monera) and Domain consist of prokaryotes.
     
     
  6. Domain Eukarya, the eukaryotes, includes the various kingdoms and the kingdoms , , and Animalia.
     
     
  7. Biologists use various forms of to explore life.
     
     
    • In science, scientists describe some aspect of the world and use reasoning to draw general conclusions.
       
       
    • In science, scientists use reasoning to form a general hypothesis to explain specific details of the world; this is the method.
       
       
      • Observations are used to propose that lead to and then the predictions by seeing if the predictions come true.
         
         
      • Hypotheses must be and : the test results should either or the hypothesis.
         
         
      • Experiments must be designed to test the effect of one by testing, at the same time, groups and groups that vary in only one variable.
         
         
      • If , the hypothesis gains strength and theoretical value. If , the hypothesis is either modified or discarded.
     
     
  8. Case study: mimicry.
    • From discovery science:
      1. many poisonous animals have ( aposematic ) coloration that signals danger to potential predators.
         
         
      2. species mimic poisonous species.
       
       
    • Hypothesis: mimics benefit when mistake them for harmful species (Henry Bates , 1862).
       
       
    • Prediction: mimicry should protect the king snake from , but only in regions where coral snakes live.
       
       
    • 2001: experiment with poisonous eastern snake and mimic scarlet snake.
     
     
  9. Good hypotheses lead to new , new questions, and new predictions; science progresses in a of knowledge.
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