Chapter 36
Self-Quiz
Unit 5: Form and Function
Reproduction
Review
Reproduction is the production of
from a parent or parents. It may occur
, resulting in
offspring
to the parent, or
, resulting in
offspring
that are
different from the
parents
through
genetic
.
Prokaryotes reproduce asexually by
binary
.
Eukaryotic sexual reproduction involves
of genes from two parents: each
parent
contributes a
set of chromosomes via
called
and
.
If the sperm can meet the eggs in
environments, fertilization can take place
externally.
A more secure method of sperm delivery is
fertilization,
such as the
tube in plants and
in animals.
In
animals,
the
gametes
fuse during
to form diploid
which then develop into mature offspring.
Since females tend to produce fewer, but higher quality
than males, they tend to be more selective in mate choice. This results in
sexual
, where males compete with each other and develop
characteristics
that enhance
opportunities but that may lead to individual
peril.
Some animals are
, containing both sexes in the same
individual,
but most must find a
mate
to reproduce.
Some animals can reproduce
asexually
in a
process
called
, in addition to sexual reproduction.
Many plants can reproduce asexually through various
underground
or by cuttings or grafts.
Plants undergo an
of
in their sexual reproduction cycle.
In
ferns,
he diploid
produces haploid
which germinate into
. The free-living gametophytes make eggs and sperm, which can
to produce the diploid
.
In
flowering
plants, the tiny male gametophyte allows
of the sperm nuclei over long
distances.
The female gametophyte serves a
and
function.
Plants rely on passive vectors such as
and
to
disperse
the pollen, or develop a
relationship with
animal
to carry the pollen.
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Apr 13, 2006
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Chapter 36
Self-Quiz