Activities Key Terms Quizzes Art Chapter 24 Self-Quiz
Unit 5: Form and Function The Form and Function of Life Review
  1. Life depends on the effective transfer of substances between and their environments. The structure of the cell membrane is key to the process of chemical transfer.
     
     
  2. The cell membrane is composed of a bilayer that has and regions that regulate the kinds of substances that can cross the membrane.
     
     
  3. Molecules can move across the membrane either via passive or active .
     
     
  4. Diffusion is the passive movement of substances their gradients (from areas of concentration to areas of concentration), until an is reached.
    • Small and molecules can cross the plasma membrane by diffusion.
       
       
    • proteins and passive proteins direct bigger and molecules down their concentration gradients.
     
     
  5. Substances can also be moved their concentration gradient using active , which requires the use of . Active proteins use energy (typically in the form of ) to pump substances up their gradients.
     
     
  6. Cells in multicellular organisms are organized in different to perform specific .
     
     
  7. Animals have four basic cell types: , , , and .
    • Related animal cells that work together to perform a common function form .
       
       
    • Related tissues can combine to form functional such as the and .
     
     
  8. Plants have over twice as many basic cell types as animals.
    • Plant tissues such as and are a combination of multiple plant cell types, and multiple tissues can form systems: , , and .
       
       
    • Related tissues can combine to form functional such as the and .
     
     
  9. Environmental factors such as acid can disrupt the bilayer of membranes and damage organisms such as that exchange material directly with the atmosphere.
Activities Key Terms Quizzes Art Chapter 35 Self-Quiz
Unit 5: Form and Function Behavior Review
  1. Environmental stimuli are processed by organisms and cause a response called a , such as a baby’s reflex and a mother's reflex.
     
     
  2. Simple organisms are capable of simple behaviors. The orientation behaviors of bacteria is called , and moving away from light in planaria, or toward light in moths is called . Plants are capable of and responses, and can also open and close their flowers in response to .
     
     
  3. Organisms with a system are capable of complex behaviors.
     
     
  4. behaviors are determined and are generally related to the basic needs of the organism. Innate or behaviors always have the response to a stimulus.
     
     
  5. behaviors have both genetic and environmental components and tend to be more complex and allow for of response.
     
     
  6. Behaviors can be by pairing of stimuli. Is this a learned response?
     
     
  7. Exposure of young animals to certain stimuli at an early age called the period can lead to .
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